phenomenon of "street children in Egypt of the worst disasters that can confront a society Grown which portend a comprehensive breakdown of the structure that society, especially its economic infrastructure .. Besides the vulnerability of these children to several misfortunes may be the smallest and the largest deviation hunger or sexual exploitation may see "street children" in Egypt has turned the small traders were forced to sell goods and products manufactured locally or foreign, whether in factories or under the hotbeds of peace, on the pavement, and in the fields, and inside the streets, alleys and warren .. everywhere At each site, the beginning of auto spare parts, electric appliances via devices, and agricultural crops, and the end Palmenadil paper. all of this is in the shadows, comes from the crowds of children and young for bread or guarantee a minimum standard of living through profit achieved by the seller at the end of the day. Despite a police chase utilities, which was established specifically for this purpose in Egypt, this activity is still expanding and rising numbers of children working as a result fall of economic conditions facing Egypt is the only source of income for nearly five million people around according to the estimates of experts, Pushed need, unemployment and poverty to the latest suffered by the Egyptian family, transformed with time to organizations informal monopoly of squares and streets, traffic signals and even transportation (buses, trains railways), and is not permitted to new vendor-whatever-year join the ranks of workers only after formal adoption by the official street vendors. sexual exploitation .. slave labor is the most dangerous age is subjected to street children is sexual exploitation, whether from individuals or gangs and Almstgliin vulnerability; of their age, and their inability on the face of sexual abuse, both by perpetrators or intermediaries. In spite of the gravity of this matter, the customs and traditions of Egyptian society and Arab obstacle stood in obtaining accurate information helps to identify them or reported, which resulted in the absence of a clear vision to address societal it means decisive and resolute, but Given the importance of the problem has begun the global media explosion and warns of the risks of proliferation, has reported numerous global studies that thousands of young girls of street children in many countries of the world are working on satisfying the desires of men from the same country or residents of other countries. The child prostitution, which depends on the basis of this category has become widespread in the industrialized countries; it is expected to be in the United States alone is not less than one hundred thousand children involved in this type of exploitation. According to many of the statements that there are direct links between numerous sexual exploitation and street children; where help in this poor social circumstances, the lack of family care, which made them aware of the gravity of such practices. The sexual practices that expose children to many health risks including the psychological diseases, and acquired immune deficiencies (AIDS), venereal diseases, illegitimate pregnancies, drug addiction, in addition to these children become hostage to reality distorted in which the weak, and the loss of confidence of others, and a sense of shame, ostracism from society. Research has shown that the sexual abuse of children involving many individuals who buy sexual gratification .. Smugglers them, and Almeredon, brokers who benefit from the use of these children, and also the criminals in the sex trade, as well as operators who organize trips tourism. statistics are still inadequate data in the reports of public security to the ever-growing size of the phenomenon of juveniles prone to delinquency, and the largest increase in 1992; it reached 36%, and least 1987, which amounted to 8%, and unfortunately there is no inventory of the total juvenile prone to delinquency after 1992, and this means an increase inadequate statistical sources, where the census of Public Security of the most important statistics in the definition depends on the size of the phenomenon, I mean, not restrict them further deterioration and uncertainty in identifying the magnitude of the problem of children at risk of delinquency. There are pictures risk of delinquency, including begging, prostitution, gambling, promiscuity suspects, and the flight of education, and hostels in the streets, The statistics showed that the highest proportion of vulnerable to delinquency lies in the association of suspects, at a rate of 40.8% and 29.1% by begging. The statistics also showed that the vast majority of displaced children, males by 92.5%, while the rate did not exceed the displacement of female children from 7.5% of total displacement situations in Egypt. As explained statistics that the city of Cairo is the most Egyptian cities where there is an overwhelming majority of the displaced children, compared to the rest of the cities, and there are no cases of displacement in the villages which are considered a significant source of such children in centers or provincial capitals except for coastal cities. Statistics also show that the rate of displacement children in Cairo alone amounted to 31.6% of the total cases of child homelessness, followed by a large margin and the city of Port Said 16.8%, and Suez governorate 14.2%, and then 6.3% Alexandria, Sharkia 5.2%, while we find that the proportion of cases displacement of children nationwide Beni Suef - Minya - Assiut - Qena - Aswan did not exceed 4%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 0.5%, despite the increasing number of children at risk of becoming delinquent, the low numbers within institutions. look closely Mahmoud (12 years) and nickname (Hlahoth) - Deficit is the reason Mr. Post plumber who was branding fire flow to the least mistake, he decided to escape from the workshop, and each time we bless his father's workshop .. only to find no street; can embrace and to sustain and on the sidewalk .. In one of the places suspicious learning Mahmoud smelled gasoline and pesticides; being relevant material spray helps to loss of consciousness .. This is what they do after becoming victims of addiction to the professional criminals with the faces of angels and devils minds. As Dahlia (15 years), says : "I lived with my mother and my brothers and after her divorce from my father married my mother and Tardtne from home; to work in the street, and they take every penny I get it .. Pragmatic is selling tissue in traffic signals .. When your colleagues on the vendors in the same place they told me that I do in a sniffer even become an addict. " Her stepfather is the reason for losing; it guilty and evicted from the house, and her mother could not object to his actions .. This has been confirmed by us Huda (13 years), and I add knocked out with some of his children and taught them Chem translated from petrol, and finally insecticides lost consciousness and even forget myself and my future dark. The child "Salem" was only the second year-old, carrying over his body weak weak soil sidewalks more than holds drew fighters from the dust of battle, embrace the left arm fund small tissue jumps to a bus, and transcends the flesh human tightly knit to sell goods, to enter the bus, then other Falaker; to return to the place which is home throughout the summer and the "sidewalk zoo" near the statue "Nahdet Misr" is the starting point and also return. his father, also frequented by every evening to get what is provided, Salem did not know anything about the school only as "Gentlemen boys place else," but he dreams to be them, which of course is impossible; because his brothers and father, many unemployed people. Fatima old girl in the spring, working only able to find him is selling napkins at traffic lights Murad Giza Street, 3-year-old career during which she attempts to rape the number of abandoned poetry Cape location to another location. the "Gentlemen" and made for huge cars are more who harassed them, but always resisted. poverty and disease father and the absence of any type of income is the motivation behind the action in the sale of tissue. street children "are still causing havoc throughout Egypt Suzanne Mubarak calling on the government to move Nazif quick to face the phenomenon of street children after the dangerous levels is the phenomenon of street children in Egypt as a ticking bomb waiting to explode from time to time, as the report indicates the General Authority for Child Protection (NGO) that the numbers arrived in 1999 to two million children and making them steadily rising subject to adopt criminal behavior in the Egyptian society. And Chirahsaiat Department of Social Defense to increase the volume of misdemeanors related to the vulnerability of street children to violate the law, where offenses are more theft by 56%, and exposure to homelessness by 16.5% and 13.9% by begging, violence or 5.2%, the delinquency rate of 2.9%. Research shows that being on street children in Egypt, the multiplicity of factors that lead to the emergence and growing problem, and most agree that the main causes of the problem are poverty, unemployment, family disintegration, child abuse, neglect, school dropout, child labor, peer influence, and other psychosocial factors related to the social or the child's personality as the search for sensationalism. According to a study conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in North Africa and the Middle East "that the street children in Egypt are facing many problems and dangers, including violence, which represents the bulk of their daily lives, whether violence between groups of children a young age, or violence from the society around them, or violence during Action. Children are also refusing to society because they are unwanted children in areas of particular communities because public appearance and behavior, as many of them feared arrest by the police and thus returning them to their families or other care. in addition to the exposure to different health problems, and psychological problems because of their failure to adapt to life on the street. The relocation of the Middle East Online Web site. The study added that street children in Egypt for their needs directly and indirectly from the education profession, get a job living from subsistence and accommodation for families in the case refer to them. on the other hand, Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak met last week with Ahmed Nazif, the Prime Minister and Chairman of the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood and a number of Ministers to review the progress of initiatives implemented by the Council in cooperation with ministries and NGOs, including the National Initiative for the rehabilitation and integration of street children into society. She said Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak, "We have a strategy to confront the phenomenon of street children, but we are in need of role reception and accommodation and care day and the establishment of a permanent education classes and clinics and mobile kitchens to provide a hot meal, in addition to the social and psychological care by specialists. " Suzanne Mubarak added that the school should be attractive to children responsive to the needs and the needs of his family and to provide recreation and sport within the school. " For its part said Ambassador Mushira Khattab, Secretary General of the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood, "The priorities to be focused on during the next stage is to implement the national strategy for the rehabilitation and integration of street children declared by Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak, in March last year, and to examine the role of ministries in the reception centers for child support and the possibility of establishing additional centers in order to provide health and social services for homeless children to pull them away from the street in preparation for return to their families, the training of social workers and psychologists to deal with a human child. " Her speech to the Council expanded the use Bbahathat police to deal with these children, and to provide the necessary measures to protect them during arrest and prevent mixing with criminals, as well as the establishment of a hotline to receive complaints of children exposed to the risk of a project currently being prepared by the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood "Children loved God" .. Children decoration life ", along with money and women of course, but unfortunately also children become" street children ".. Child labor .. And other things .. Child labor and whatever we tried to talk about the ethics of the employer .. Karm and Warmheartedness employer .. In the end, the child remains a factor .. In the end, a huge work childhood dreams .. We all remember the "misfortune" that a child who can see in any place clothes torn holds the "key" by any number of "Post" .. Many opposed child labor .. He said many of the sweet talk about children and their rights and amount to an International Day against Child Labor .. on June 12, celebrated the International Labor Organization, the Office of North Africa, in collaboration with the embassy Italy Cairo World Day against child labor in Cairo, and fired educational package "cry" against child labor in Egypt. participate in the launching of 'cry' number of non-governmental organizations, ministries, institutions business owners, in addition to the artists, will play an active role in the application. Art against the exploitation of the "cry" means' "support for the rights of children through education, the arts, media and funded by the Italian Cooperation, "under which the ILO has developed a socially appropriate educational, social mobilization and verification involving visual and literary arts presentations, in addition to the media aside. been moving this program, thanks to the contributions of the young people, through effective energies through initiatives in the context of academic, social, political and media education systems through creative and innovative .. the program raises a voice in the youth a sense of child labor, and thus unable to speak on the tongue working children, focus on the social dimension. This program aims to : increasing awareness on the issue of child labor among students .. teachers .. political leaders .. civil society organizations .. communities .. , and empower young people to play an active role in society and in the fight against child labor, in addition to providing an effective tool to support children's rights and give young people tools for self-expression, and promote their personal and social. all languages of the world available educational package "cry" in all parts of the world through the Internet, and can be downloaded in English, French, Spanish and Italian, will be applied to the program in Egypt in the way of education formally and informally .. in solidarity with other United Nations agencies .. NGO non-governmental organization, theatrical groups, local artists, academic bodies, in particular the World Organization of the Scout Movement. The celebration included the issuance of the new global report of the International Labor Organization on child labor "end child labor : enabled achievable ", which gives clear indications on the progress achieved great towards the elimination of child labor, and makes recommendations to deepen and strengthen the global movement to preserve the current trend. Egypt has said their children rich Italian, the Italian Ambassador in Egypt, saying : " it is a pleasure to host this event, Fleitalya pivotal role in defending the rights of children .. And in particular, the Italian government is strongly committed to the elimination of the worst forms of child labor, guarantee the right of all children to quality education provided as a public service globally. " He added that "not only the work of children in developing countries, there are millions who suffer from hidden conditions in the industrialized countries, stressing that Egypt does not have to wait to become country (indispensable) to fight child labor. It is already a (rich), children, Fatvalha are current youth and men in the future, are the wealth of mankind, they hope .. Wealth, already are the best (investment) have. " Having listened to the talk Italian men sat with myself and I said "Oh Peace" Look who rejoices talk .. God, and you Jahi one in Bali accused of being children of Egyptian police mistreatment of children in need of protection Summary Egyptian police normally, the arrest of children who consider them "vulnerable to delinquency" or "at risk" by the incident. these children do not commit any criminal act, in many cases, unjustified arrest - carrying begging, or the lack of shelter for them, or absences from school without permission, Illness or injury-shows that they need protection and assistance rather than punishment. Instead of receiving care, they are subjected to beatings and sexual abuse and violence at the hand of police personnel; and detained in dangerous and unhealthy for periods of up to several days or weeks, Typically, the detainees with criminal adults, and they in turn abuse of children; also denied receiving sufficient amount of food, water, bedding and medical care. I have placed groups of children "vulnerable to delinquency" and "at risk" in the Child Law in Egypt ostensibly for the protection of children exposed to difficult conditions, but is a pretext for the collective campaigns for the arrest of street children and empty them, and for them to get information about crimes, and forcing them to leave for other neighborhoods, and subjected to interrogations despite the absence of any evidence of having committed a criminal act. The number of arrests of children strongly since 2000, exceeding the number of children who have been detained because of these charges 11.000 situation in the year 2001 alone, This constitutes a quarter the number of cases of detention of children in Egypt in the year. In many cases, children are victims of abuse before their arrest, because of them may be subjected to violence in the home, or to the circumstances of hazardous and exploitative work, or they are deprived of education because their families could not afford school fees, books and uniforms. The absence of organized labor to stop the abuses associated with the arrest and detention of children under the categories set out in the Children's Act, partly because, the lack of effective legal means through which children and their parents to resort to them. Overall, the Public Prosecutor ordered the release of children, without conducting any investigation into police abuses against them, and after a quick review of their cases. In many cases, Parents did not know about the arrest of their children only after the release of children; In other cases, the police, simply return the child to the street. this report detailing serious violations outlined above, which is based on interviews with thirty-seven children, Yet a large number of officials, experts and the care of their children, in the Greater Cairo area, which includes the governorates of Cairo, Giza and Qalubiya. According to the information we received from non-governmental organizations working in other cities, that the problem is not confined to Cairo, but continuing in other cities. The widespread and systematic nature of these violations, stressed the need for a process of reform, structural way of dealing with issues by the Egyptian government to protect needy children, or children in conflict with law. As forms part later, appeals organization Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch), the Egyptian government to immediately end the policy of arrest and detention of children who are "vulnerable to delinquency" or "at risk" and stop their detention, and provide them instead, assistance they need. To be effective such termination, This requires prosecutors and judges, to monitor the actual practices of arrest and the circumstances of children in police custody. We recommend in particular, that the Attorney General introducing new position entrusted with the task of overseeing governmental investigations relating to the torture of children in police custody and ill-treatment, although the Ministries of Interior, Justice, and Insurance and Social Affairs, to work together to ensure the assignment of primary responsibility for dealing with matters relating to children exposed to difficult conditions, child care specialists, rather than the police. It must be these changes as initial steps in the reform process, most needed, for the entire legal regime of events, in order to transform it into a system that preserves the rights of children and promote their well-being and development, so they can become productive members of society. the abuses during the arrest and deportation of children at the headquarters of detention is usually the police in Cairo beating children fists and sticks during the arrest. He spoke one of the children whom we met, as he affront electric stick unelectrified. police used insulting words to humiliate and frighten children, as they take on unsafe vehicles, and these cars more dangerous, trucks are large metal used in the deportation of prisoners, devoid of seats and adequate ventilation. He told us children that the police usually extradite those trucks, together with adult detainees archivist, and they in turn are Bhetmahm, and sometimes physically attacked; One of the girls also recounted incidents of sexual harassment by one of the policemen during the deportation process. The mass deportation less serious, usually be offensive, as when the police restricting children as a group, are sometimes substantial, using ropes or handcuffs, and then forced to drive a distance of several streets, or riding public transportation while they are enrolled. Often, the police threatened children arrested, or spend long periods in custody to extract a bribe them, or they simply steal money children in their custody. In some cases, the policemen extorting sexual girls versus protection from sexual violence by others. When the children into custody, the abuses continue. Normally, the police in Cairo headquarters of the detention of children in detention crowded and dirty reserved for adults, and there are abuses at the hands of criminal detainees. failure to provide food, bedding and medical care for them. When children are transported to the seizure of Port-care events in Azbakeiah, as the law requires Egyptian, there are also congested and shortage in food and bedding, and deprived of medical care, It is possible also to detain children with their elders, or much younger, it is possible that they have committed serious crimes. he said children of the Organization of Human Rights Watch, that the police were beaten in detention headquarters, using sticks, whips, water hoses and belts, As subjected to harassment and sexual violence, or condone what they subjected him to harassment and violence by telling adult detainees. In some of these cases, the ill-treatment, aimed to punish children, severe enough to constitute torture. As boys and girls complained that the police are using insulting words to humiliate and frighten them. In the case of girls, sometimes the use of words degrading sex, Introduction to sexual violence. The children who sang the result of complaints of ill-treatment by police, have risked exposure to the risk of retaliation by those who harmed them, and by the higher-ranking officers who were supposed to supervise them. abuses through the procedures with the Egyptian law requires that all detainees be brought before the Public Prosecutor, within twenty-four hours of arrest, However, children who are arrested as "vulnerable to delinquency" are usually detained for longer periods, without being brought before a public prosecutor. In some cases, released without seeing one of the prosecutors at all. that the delay in the presentation of children to the public prosecution, at best, would weaken their right to challenge the lawfulness of detention and the lifting of complaints about ill-treatment, or request to take action to protect them, In the worst case, that would effectively deprive them of this right. Despite the common systematic violations of the rights of children in police custody, but the Egyptian authorities did not regularly monitor conditions of detention for children, investigate clear cases of arbitrary arrests or abuse during detention, or take appropriate disciplinary action against those responsible. not hampered by the Interior Ministry to investigate abuses against children in police custody, or conservation statistics in this regard, The ministry does not have specific procedures allow children to file complaints in this regard. Nor does the prosecutors from the Attorney General of the events of regular visits to places of detention for children, or conduct sufficient investigations of the circumstances of their arrest and detention as required by Egyptian law. We were told the children had been arrested as "vulnerable to delinquency" that prosecutors usually do not talk to them at all, or they send them simple questions, such as the questioning of names and addresses, This effectively deprives them of the opportunity to participate in defending themselves, or from filing complaints related to abuse. The law requires also prepare reports on the conditions of children and social opportunities for rehabilitation, for submission to the court or the public prosecutor at the appearance of them children, We must prepare these reports by social workers from the Ministry of Insurance and Social Affairs. In reality, these reports are based on interviews short and shallow, and contain only scant information on the social background of the child, and usually ignores the judges and prosecution of those reports. The law gives children "vulnerable to delinquency" right to obtain legal representation when appearing before a public prosecutor or juvenile court, although the judges and prosecutors to order the placement of the child in social institutions for a period of up to three years. appeals organization Human Rights Watch, the Egyptian government to give priority to the implementation of the following key recommendations, and there are more detailed recommendations for the Egyptian government, the United Nations, The governments of donor States, will be contained in Chapter IX later. key recommendations to the Egyptian government • immediate termination of the practice of arresting children considered "vulnerable to delinquency" or "at risk", and amend the Children's Act No. 12 of 1996 to ensure that children of punishment based on "age misdeed" any behavior is not punished by law if done by an adult. We must keep in mind that a large chunk of children detained under these classifications, are children deprived of their family environment are permanent or temporary, or that their best interests require not to stay in that environment, and must therefore ensure access to special protection and assistance to which they are entitled under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. • initiate immediate steps to reduce the role of the police in child-related issues, to a minimum, Among the immediate abolition of the policy of the Interior Ministry detention routine for children in detention by the police headquarters. • ensuring that all children deprived of their liberty. held separately from adults, and ensure the immediate legal representation for them, and the right to challenge the legal stripped of their liberty. and always, must not be used as a prison or detention against children only as a last resort, and for the shortest possible period of time. • Develop a permanent position in the Ministry of Justice, devoted to monitor the treatment of children in detention headquarters. It must be the task control office of investigations relating to the torture and ill-treatment of children in police custody, and keep accurate statistics, allowing the public to see it, the complaints of torture and ill-treatment, with the identification of police personnel responsible for these practices, as well as investigate the practices of police stations, which draws many complaints against them. • Children must be protected from government-sponsored arbitrary detention, and all cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment by the police, or by staff and other government officials, or by other detainees. We must ensure, in particular, that the DPP was effectively monitored the situation of children detained by the police, who in the care of social welfare institutions, Deprived of their Liberty or any other form. It must also make sure that all these institutions meet international standards, and that the DPP was an immediate investigation into cases of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as cases of arbitrary detention of children, The perpetrators must be brought to justice. • judges involved in the legal system for juveniles, to monitor the situation of children detained by the police, who in the care of social welfare institutions, or deprived of their liberty in any other form. • on the Egyptian government to do, without delay, sign and ratify and implement the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, through the establishment of a periodic visits to the headquarters of detention carried out by independent, local and international. Research Methods This report is based on research conducted by Human Rights Watch in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, in the period between June 25 (June) 2002, , July 30 (July) 2002. We have chosen Cairo for a place to study that is where the greatest number of arrests of children "at risk of becoming delinquent," compared with any other Egyptian city. as well, but being the capital, it contains the potential for an effective reform and effective control of the legal system juvenile. The researcher from the Human Rights Watch, to conduct interviews directly with the children living in the streets, and children detained by the police, and officials from the Egyptian government, representatives of non-governmental organizations in Egypt. all interviews took place in the Arabic language, with a few exceptions. The organization Human Rights Watch interview with thirty-seven children. whom Twenty-four children already living in the Greater Cairo area, known Cairo and Giza governorate of Qalyoubia. The remaining children have flocked to Cairo from other provinces and run as follows : 3 of Alexandria, 2 Minya, 2 of Ismailia, 2 of Beni Suef, 1 of Dakahlia, 1 of the Western 1 of Assiut, 1 East, 1 of Kafr el-Sheikh. the ages of children between the age of nine, to the age of eight years. Among them were twelve girls, aged between fourteen years and eight years, and twenty-five of them boys between the ages of nine years and seventeen years. the Thirty-five children had been arrested once, at least, The whom were arrested a number of times hit ten. It had all the children who have been detained have been subjected to beatings and ill-treatment by the police during detention. or they might have witnessed such cases. and we have also had four interviews with adults aged between eight years and nineteen years, They were detained recently with the children in detention at the police headquarters. The organization Human Rights Watch interviews with all children individually. It was the 30th in the reception centers for street children, run by local non-governmental organizations, The interviews remaining seven-three daughters and four sons - has been in the Department of Juvenile Welfare Azbakeiah (a seizure of the events within the Directorate of Cairo security), and the Directorate of juveniles arrested for Cairo governorate. We have the choice of children whom we met in the reception centers chosen randomly, among children who happened to be at the centers at the time of the interviews. and we met boys who chose to reserve Azbakeya randomly selected from the group boys were in a cell with young boys, identified by the police as "children at risk of delinquency." The researcher from the Human Rights Watch, have interviewed three of the four girls in the seizure of assets, before they are asked to leave the site manager seizure. we will honor the juvenile court judges in Cairo, that they gave us permission to attend a court hearing, although court hearings are normally closed to the public. have accepted the Director of the General Administration of the Investigation Section of the Juvenile Welfare Ozar Interior, the Director of the Department of Juvenile Welfare Azbakeiah, It also accepted the police personnel guarding those children in the Bulaq areas Aldkaror police. During the interview we were having with prosecutors in the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the events in Cairo, the interview was cut when one of the assistants to the general manager of the Juvenile Welfare Investigation of the Ministry of Interior, He informed prosecutors that it is not authorized to talk publicly about their work. the organization Human Rights Watch permission to allow it to visit the institutions of the Ministry of Social Affairs for children "at risk of deviation", but the demand has not been met. It gave us specialists from the Ministry of Insurance and Social Affairs, information on those institutions, and the treatment of children who are referred to the public prosecution for juveniles and the juvenile court. As we get additional information through interviews with officials of the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood, which is "the highest authority of his government policy formulation and planning, coordination, monitoring and evaluation activities in the areas of protection and development of children", It was among those we met, the Secretary-General of the Council, and a member of the Technical Consultative Committee, and had participated in the drafting of the Children Act 1996 and regulations implemented. Another organization Human Rights Watch interviews with social workers and legal experts from the National Council for Criminal and Social Research, funded by the government, and the center has conducted research particularly street children, working children